Understanding lymphoma.
Knowing where to turn.

What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer affecting lymphocytes, white blood cells involved in the immune system. There are many types, broadly grouped into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms and treatment can differ between types and between people.

Changes to look out for.

The most common sign is a swollen lymph node: a lump, often painless, in the neck, armpit or groin. Other possible symptoms include:

• Drenching night sweats.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• A high temperature without an obvious cause.
• Unusual, persistent fatigue.
• Persistent itching.
• A persistent cough or shortness of breath.

You do not need to have every symptom. Having one or more does not mean you have lymphoma, and a symptom checklist cannot rule it in or out. Swollen glands, for example, are often caused by infections.

When to speak to a GP.

Make a GP appointment if you have symptoms that concern you, especially an unexplained lump or symptoms that persist, worsen or are severe. Do not wait for all the symptoms on this list to appear. If you have already seen a GP but the symptoms continue or change, go back and tell them.

It can help to note when symptoms began, where a lump is, whether it has changed, and any night sweats, fever or weight changes. Tell the GP what is worrying you.

How is it diagnosed?

A GP may examine you and arrange tests or a specialist referral. Symptoms and an examination alone cannot diagnose lymphoma. A biopsy — a sample of tissue examined by a specialist — is usually needed to confirm it. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.